Vector.js

Vector is an open source javascript library for creating interactive graphics. View the repository, run the tests, or meet the team.

Exponents and Trees Open in Sandbox

Description

This interactive demonstrates how the exponent operator can be visualized with a tree. The base of the expression is represented by the branching factor of the tree, and the exponent is represented by the levels in the tree.

Script

/**
* @title Exponents and Trees
* @description This interactive demonstrates how the exponent operator can be visualized with a tree. The base of the expression is represented by the branching factor of the tree, and the exponent is represented by the levels in the tree.
* @tags [math]
* @date October 15, 2019
* @author Kurt Bruns
* @weight 1
*/
import Interactive from "../../interactive.js";
import { SVG } from "../../index.js";
class Tree extends SVG {
    /**
    *
    */
    constructor(rootX, rootY, base, exponent) {
        super(0, 5, 740, 300);
        this.rootX = rootX;
        this.rootY = rootY;
        this.base = base;
        this.exponent = exponent;
        this.lines = [];
        this.nodes = [];
        this.currentLine = 0;
        this.currentNode = 0;
        this.draw();
    }
    get leaves() {
        return Math.pow(this.base, this.exponent);
    }
    clear() {
        let small = Math.min(this.lines.length, this.nodes.length);
        let big = Math.max(this.lines.length, this.nodes.length);
        for (let i = 0; i < small; i++) {
            this.lines[i].root.remove();
            this.nodes[i].root.remove();
        }
        if (big === this.lines.length) {
            for (let i = small; i < big; i++) {
                this.lines[i].root.remove();
            }
        }
        else {
            for (let i = small; i < big; i++) {
                this.nodes[i].root.remove();
            }
        }
    }
    getNextLine(x1, y1, x2, y2) {
        let line;
        if (this.currentLine === this.lines.length) {
            line = this.line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
            this.lines.push(line);
        }
        else {
            line = this.lines[this.currentLine];
            line.x1 = x1;
            line.y1 = y1;
            line.x2 = x2;
            line.y2 = y2;
        }
        this.currentLine++;
        line.root.style.display = '';
        return line;
    }
    getNextNode(cx, cy, r) {
        let node;
        if (this.currentNode === this.nodes.length) {
            node = this.circle(cx, cy, r);
            this.nodes.push(node);
        }
        else {
            node = this.nodes[this.currentNode];
            node.cx = cx;
            node.cy = cy;
            node.r = r;
        }
        this.currentNode++;
        node.root.style.display = '';
        return node;
    }
    draw(x = 0, y = 0) {
        let prev = [{ x: x, y: y }];
        this.currentLine = 0;
        this.currentNode = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i <= this.exponent; i++) {
            let distance = i * 600 / (.75 * Tree.maxLevels + 1);
            let nodes = Math.pow(this.base, i);
            let change = -Math.PI / (nodes + 1);
            let angle = change;
            let next = [];
            for (let j = 0; j < nodes; j++) {
                let nx = x + distance * Math.cos(angle);
                let ny = y + distance * Math.sin(angle);
                let index = Math.floor(j / this.base);
                let ox = prev[index].x;
                let oy = prev[index].y;
                let line = this.getNextLine(ox, oy, nx, ny);
                let circle = this.getNextNode(nx, ny, 4);
                if (i == this.exponent) {
                    circle.style.fill = 'cornflowerblue';
                    circle.style.stroke = '#404040';
                }
                else {
                    circle.style.fill = '#404040';
                }
                next.push({ x: nx, y: ny });
                angle += change;
            }
            prev = next;
        }
        for (let i = this.currentLine; i < this.lines.length; i++) {
            this.lines[i].root.style.display = 'none';
        }
        for (let i = this.currentNode; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
            this.nodes[i].root.style.display = 'none';
        }
        let bbox = this.root.getBBox();
        if (this.exponent > 1) {
            this.setViewBox(bbox.x, bbox.y, bbox.width, bbox.height);
        }
    }
}
Tree.maxLevels = 7;
export default function main(id) {
    let interactive = new Interactive(id, {
        width: 740,
        height: 500,
    });
    interactive.border = true;
    let margin = 40;
    let levels = interactive.slider(interactive.width / 2 - 125, 300 + 2 * margin, {
        width: 250,
        min: 0,
        max: 4,
        value: 3
    });
    let branching = interactive.slider(interactive.width / 2 - 125, 300 + 3 * margin, {
        width: 250,
        min: 1,
        max: 4,
        value: 1
    });
    let tree = interactive.appendChild(new Tree(300, 300, branching.value, levels.value));
    tree.y = 16;
    tree.style.overflow = 'visible';
    tree.addDependency(levels, branching);
    tree.update = function () {
        let levelsValue = Math.round(levels.value);
        let branchingValue = Math.round(branching.value);
        if (tree.exponent !== levelsValue || tree.base !== branchingValue) {
            tree.exponent = levelsValue;
            tree.base = branchingValue;
            if (tree.leaves <= 1024) {
                tree.draw();
            }
        }
    };
    tree.update();
    // tree.draw();
    let levelsText = interactive.text(levels.x + levels.width + margin, levels.y, 'exponent');
    let branchingText = interactive.text(branching.x + branching.width + margin, branching.y, 'factor');
    let mathText = interactive.text(interactive.width / 2, branching.y + 3 * margin / 2, '');
    mathText.setAttribute('text-anchor', 'middle');
    let base = mathText.tspan(tree.base.toString());
    let exponent = mathText.tspan(tree.exponent.toString());
    mathText.tspan('= ');
    let leaves = mathText.tspan(tree.leaves.toString());
    exponent.setAttribute('baseline-shift', 'super');
    levelsText.addDependency(tree);
    levelsText.update = function () {
        levelsText.contents = `exponent: ${tree.exponent.toString()}`;
    };
    levelsText.update();
    branchingText.addDependency(tree);
    branchingText.update = function () {
        branchingText.contents = `base: ${tree.base.toFixed()}`;
    };
    branchingText.update();
    base.addDependency(tree);
    base.update = () => {
        base.text = tree.base.toString();
    };
    exponent.addDependency(tree);
    exponent.update = () => {
        exponent.text = tree.exponent.toString();
    };
    leaves.addDependency(tree);
    leaves.update = () => {
        leaves.text = tree.leaves.toString();
    };
}
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